Towards a Calculus of Redundancy

Abstract In this chapter, I extend Shannon’s linear model of communication into a in which is differentiated both vertically and horizontally (Simon, 1973). Following Weaver (1949), three layers are distinguished operating relation to one another: ( i ) at level A, the events sequenced historically along arrow time, generating Shannon-type information (that is, uncertainty); ii incursion meanings B referential iii horizons meaning spanned by codes C. other words, relations A first from correlations among patterns non-relations B. The span vector space on top network relations. Relations positioned can then be provided with meaning. Different positions provide perspectives Perspectives overlap, for example, Triple-Helix Overlapping generate redundancies—that new options—as result synergies.